Fiat freemont is a best

Fiat has revealed today the initial details and images of the new Fiat Freemont. The Fiat Freemont will have its world debut at the Geneva motor show in March and it will go on sale in the second half of 2011. The Fiat Freemont is one of the first results of the Fiat - Chrysler partnership, as the new model is based on the Dodge Journey. The Fiat Freemont will be produced at the Mexican plant of Toluca, which is also the birth place of the USA version of the Fiat 500.The Fiat Freemont measures 489 cm in length, 188 cm in width and 172 cm in height and has a 289 cm wheelbase. The Fiat Freemont promises plenty of interior space, thanks to its seven seat capacity and 90 degree opening doors.The Fiat Freemont will be sold with a choice between two 2.0 MultiJet turbo diesel engines developing 140 hp and 170 hp. Later in the Fiat Freemont's life, they will also sell it with a 276 HP 3.6 petrol V6 engine. At first, the Fiat Freemont will be available with front-wheel-drive only, but the car maker says it will also be available with a 4x4 drive system.The equipment list of the Fiat Freemont will include touchscreen radio with 8.4” screen, SD card and DVD reader, Bluetooth system, rear parking sensors, and fold-down door mirrors.The safety of the Fiat Freemont is ensured by 7 airbags, anti-lock braking system (ABS) with Brake Assist, Electronic Stability Program (ESP) with Hill-Holder and electronic roll mitigation (ERM). The Fiat Freemont price list will be announced at a later date.
Fiat Press Release: Fiat Freemont, international debut The next Geneva motor show will host the debut of the new Fiat Freemont, which will go on sale in the second half of 2011.The Fiat Freemont built on the base of the Dodge Journey, is the first Fiat vehicle to come out of the partnership with the Chrysler Group. It will be produced in the Mexican plant of Toluca, where the 500 is produced for the US market. The very name conjures up a sense of freedom, the pleasure of life in the open air, of adventure and the possibility of facing any situation that arises in daily life with equanimity. The Fiat Freemont is in fact a 'factotum vehicle' designed to meet the diverse needs of families and those seeking a spacious, comfortable and versatile vehicle to cater for the frenetic pace of everyday life or weekend leisure time. The vehicle combines flexibility and practicality with its own distinctive and original style. The dimensions (length of 489 cm, width of 188 cm and height of 172 cm) guarantee outstanding interior roominess, aided by the best wheelbase in its category (289 cm).
The Fiat Freemont guarantees maximum roominess, comfort and versatility due to its 7 standard seats with a genuine third row of roomy seats that is easily accessible because the doors open to 90°. The seats of the third row may be folded down with one simple movement to disappear completely below the floor and create a regular load platform. The seats of the second row are fitted higher than those at the front while the third row is raised in relation to the second allowing all occupants maximum visibility. The second row can also be fitted with the innovative child booster system: booster seats are used to make sure that children on board are sitting correctly, optimising the seatbelt geometry and guaranteeing greater protection, practicality and comfort. On-board comfort is also assured by a high driving position, new roomy and ergonomic seats, a host of storage compartments, a generous luggage area with two compartments and a flat load platform for an overall capacity of up to 1461 litres. The vehicle's very individual design includes muscular, decisive lines that are expressed in a front end with brand new bumpers and grille. The rear end has been redesigned with the adoption of a new bumper and LED tail lights. The all-new passenger compartment features an up-to-date design and soft touch materials. Features include a wrap-around dashboard with chrome elements, a brand-new instrument panel, a strikingly good-looking central console and an innovative infotainment system with a large colour touchscreen. To simplify the selection and purchase process, only two outfits will be provided that are aimed at different customer types. The equipment level for both outfits is extremely comprehensive and all the main content items comply with the 'Fiat fair price' strategy. Both outfits will offer 7 seats, triple-zone automatic climate control system, keyless entry system, cruise control, advanced trip computer, tyre pressure monitoring system (TPMS), fog lights and touchscreen radio with colour screen and controls on the steering wheel. The more metropolitan version will include 17” alloys, touchscreen radio with 8.4” screen, SD card and DVD reader, Bluetooth system, rear parking sensors, fold-down door mirrors, automatic headlight activation, darkened rear windows and roof bars. The Fiat Freemont will have front wheel drive with turbo diesel power units (140 HP or 170 HP 2.0 MultiJet) combined with a manual gearbox. Later, the vehicle will also be available in 4x4 versions with 170 HP 2.0 MultiJet and 276 HP 3.6 petrol V6 engines, both with automatic transmissions. With the exception of the powerful 3.6 litre unit from the Chrysler Group Pentastar family and its automatic transmission, all power units are produced and developed by FPT- Fiat PowerTrain.
The vehicle's dynamic performances have also been improved with the aid of Fiat engineering, which has developed and introduced a special suspension and steering configuration for greater accuracy and directness. Driving comfort is further guaranteed by significant improvements to passenger compartment soundproofing.
Safety is top level with 7 airbags, anti-lock braking system (ABS) with Brake Assist, Electronic Stability Program (ESP) with Hill-Holder and electronic roll mitigation (ERM) as standard on all vehicles.

 

wrote by : kamal kableh souri - fiat iran

Marchionne wins labor deal at key Fiat plant

Turin factory will build Jeep models for U.S.

Fiat S.p.A. CEO Sergio Marchionne won narrow backing from workers for a labor deal that clears the way for Jeep models for the U.S. market to be built alongside Alfa Romeos in Italy.Workers at Fiat's Mirafiori factory in Turin voted 54 percent in favor of the groundbreaking contract that limits strikes and absenteeism in exchange for investment.Marchionne, who engineered the Italian carmaker's 25 percent stake in Chrysler Group, which includes the Jeep brand, and transformed Fiat from an ailing conglomerate, had threatened to move production abroad if workers rejected the changes. Fiat's top executives said they were pleased with the outcome of the vote and hoped the deal would begin a new era in labor relations free of acrimony."Now we need to put controversies and contrasting positions behind us and face the challenges that we have before us in a constructive manner," Fiat Chairman John Elkann said in a statement on Saturday.Crucial for Alfa's U.S. launchFiat and Chrysler plan to invest more than 1 billion euros ($1.32 billion) in the Mirafiori factory to build Alfa Romeo cars and SUVs and Jeep models for European and North American sales as part of a new joint-venture company that will take control of the plant.The factory will build the mid-sized Giulia sedan and station wagon, which will replace Alfa's 159 range, as well as medium SUVs for the Alfa and Jeep brands.
Output is scheduled to start in the third or fourth quarter of 2012. Half of the production will be sold in Europe and the other half will be exported, mainly to North America. The Alfa models are a crucial part of the brand's relaunch in North America.Chrysler costsFiat will cover about 60 percent of the cost, about 600 million euros, because it wants about 150,000 Alfa models a year. Chrysler will pay roughly 400 million euros to get an annual supply of about 100,000 units of the next-generation Jeep Compass/Patriot that is due to launch in 2013.After the vote, Bruno Vitali, head of the FIM union said: "Now the industrial plan for Mirafiori will go ahead. Marchionne has to quickly deploy the investment, as he promised." More than 96 percent of workers took part in the referendum on Thursday and Friday.The contract has already been agreed at Pomigliano, another of Fiat's Italian car factories. The contract is part of a Fiat-led unprecedented overhaul of Italian labor relations, which have been based on national deals rather than on a plant-by-plant basis.The deal is part of a 20 billion euro "Fabbrica Italia" plan to double Fiat's domestic auto production by 2014. It targets widespread absenteeism by curbing pay for those who take repeated sick leave around holidays and by ending wildcat strikes.It cuts the number of breaks per eight-hour shift to three from four and raises the number of shifts to 18 a week from 15. Fiat can also call on each worker for 120 hours of overtime per year without union approval.Tough talkMarchionne's threat to shift production abroad made Mirafiori the most important issue in the country in the past two weeks, with daily front-page coverage by major newspapers, and commentary from political leaders including Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi.The vote is “symbolic” and “represents a turning point for the country as Marchionne is trying to break an industrial scheme which needs to be reformed,” Gianluca Spina, dean of the business school at Milan's Polytechnic, said before the referendum result was announced.
Opened in 1939, Mirafiori currently employs about 5,400 workers. The factory produces the Fiat Idea, Multipla, and Punto Classic, the Lancia Musa and the Alfa MiTo. Next month Fiat will end production of the 1998-launched Multipla medium minivan and Punto Classic subcompact, which debuted in 1999.Production of the Idea and Musa small minivans will continue until 2012, which is when production of their replacements is set to start in Serbia.Mirafiori workers built 178,000 cars in 2009, compared with the 600,000 assembled by 6,100 workers at Fiat's factory in Tychy, Poland. That means, without taking into account the differences in models and the working hours, productivity at Mirafiori averaged 30 cars per employee a year, compared with almost 100 at Tychy.Fiat's European carmaking operations could generate a profit of 390 million euros in 2011 if Fiat were to shift all production to Serbia and Poland, according to Kristina Church, a London-based analyst at Barclays Capital, who predicts a loss for that business of 855 million euros for this year after a 684 million-euro loss in 2010. Fiat's European sales fell 17 percent last year and its market share dropped to 7.6 percent from 8.7 percent in 2009.Source news : Automotive News Europe -- January 17
By : kamal kableh souri - Fiat iran ( topco)

Fiat Bravo

The new Fiat Bravo is a perfect balance of Beauty and Substance, another milestone in the process to update the brand's product range. This extraordinary period of change is symbolised by the new logo that makes its debut on the front of this new model, with which Fiat will tackle the challenges of the future, without turning its back on its past century of history. This essential sign, full of references to tradition, was created to express 'change in continuity', and to represent from a modern viewpoint a human and technological heritage that few of the world's carmakers can boast. Historical identity and state-of-the-art engineering skills, pride in its past and a renewed determination to innovate: this is the context in which the new Fiat Bravo was developed, a beautiful well-built Italian hatchback, which is agile, entertaining to drive, and competitive, thanks to the excellent balance between content and price. The new Fiat Bravo is 'concrete beauty', a car that reiterates the aesthetic canons of Italian styling tradition. It was designed to give customers the substance that comes from outstanding safety and reliability, coupled with the enjoyable, sporty driving style that the whole world expects from an Italian car.The new model was presented in the spectacular setting of the Stadium of Marble in Rome, the Eternal City, in one of the most important examples of Neoclassical architecture. This beautiful stadium, which is inside the Foro Italico, was built in the 1930s by Renato Ricci (1896-1956), who decided to decorate the stands with an array of statues in Greek style produced by young sculptors who were unknown at the time. The end result is an extraordinary stadium where each figure, sculpted in white marble, embodies the power of an athletic movement in a form of refined beauty. One of the characteristics of Neoclassical art was to reproduce reality by taking Beauty as the ideal of perfection and balance, not just copying nature but trying to grasp its intrinsic essence The decision was a pondered one, because the goal of this artistic movement, which developed in Europe between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, was to recover in a contemporary key the aesthetics, forms, noble materials, building techniques and artisan skills of Graeco-Roman tradition, the cradle of every subsequent artistic manifestation of Western culture: from literature to the theatre, music and architecture. The neoclassical artist did not improvise, but summed up tradition in every work, with exemplary control over his emotions, perfect mastery of his materials and a broad knowledge of history.The choice of this site underlines an ideal parallel with the Bravo project. When they developed the project, the engineers, designers, technicians and marketing staff also set out to create a 'new classic': in the design, by references to the great Italian styling tradition; by respecting the 'fundamentals', such as the quality of the materials and the assembly, safety, and exploitability of space, and comfort, which have always decreed a car's success; and finally, in the technological components and cutting edge engineering processes, including recourse to virtual development techniques that have made it possible to cut lead times and to check even the tiniest details related to quality and performance thousands of times.Rigour and Love: the best way of creating a car The launch is charged with other symbolism. The New Fiat Bravo project challenged accepted paradigms where the design and development of a new model are concerned, in terms of time and methodologies. This extraordinary result was achieved thanks to the rigorous integration of the best processes, and the application of the most advanced technologies, but above all the essential contribution of Fiat's men and women, and the commitment, creativeness and love that they put into their work. To convey this immense undertaking, for the debut of the new Bravo, Fiat insisted on the extraordinary participation of the performers of 'Le Cirque du Soleil': a perfect organisation, but above all 'the best artists in the world', as the international press has described them. It is certainly one of the most extraordinary live performances on the planet.'Le Cirque du Soleil' employs about 3000 people, and performers include numerous Olympic champions and former champions, who currently give life to 5 resident companies (all in the United States) and 6 touring companies that perform simultaneously all over the world, and are regularly sold out. The various shows share maniacal attention to the tiniest detail, because everything is done by hand and nothing is left to chance. It was the first time that 'Le Cirque du Soleil' has put on a performance in Italy designed specifically for a corporate event, in front of an audience of more than 6,000 journalists, dealers, suppliers and representatives of large client companies from 72 countries, plus 3000 children from Rome who attended the first night and enjoyed a magical dream come true.The parallel with the Circus world is appropriate, because the circus is hard work, talent, and creativeness, preparation and dedication, professional skill and passion, coordination, collaboration and teamwork, dexterity and lightness, magic without tricks, a dream but not an illusion. Just like the project to develop a new car: months of hard work, involving hundreds of people, and a huge investment. A perfect mechanism, for a spectacle that leaves no space for pretence or for second chances. At the first turn of the key, everything must function perfectly, year in and year out, repeat after repeat.
'Authentic Italian Beauty'Designed by the Fiat Style Centre, the model sets out to attract the public with its uncluttered, smooth lines, which on one hand confirm Fiat's determination to create a new 'family feeling', beginning with the Grande Punto, while on the other hand they reinvent the stylistic elements of the great Italian car-making tradition, without exaggeration or stylistic excesses: authentic beauty in other words, that is reassuring and easy to understand. The raked, forward windscreen, the drop-shaped headlights, the sporty grille that frames the new logo, and even the colour chosen for the launch campaign, known as Maranello Red, which is a clear tribute to the best-known symbol of Italian automotive excellence: Ferrari. The new Fiat Bravo is born from this cultural and stylistic heritage, a five-door saloon with a sleek, aggressive line, which is refined and compact at the same time. It is 434 centimetres long, 179 cm wide, and 149 cm high, with a wheelbase of 260 cm, and a loading capacity of 400 litres that tops its class.The beautiful 'dress' made by Fiat contains all the substance of a car built to surprise in the category that rules the European market, to convince a clientele that considers the cars of this class as a real investment, because they are the family's main car. The Bravo aims to make the difference in terms of quality, comfort, practicality and the versatility of the interior. Anyone who gets into the car will immediately be aware of the quality leap that everyone at Fiat was determined to achieve. The refinement of the materials and the colour combinations, the solidity, attention to detail and painstaking assembly, all represent a new standard for Fiat and a benchmark for the market.Innovation, reliability and quality Substance also means performance, safety and technology.The launch of the new Fiat Bravo is also an opportunity to present the new family of turbocharged T-JET petrol engines (120 and 150 bhp 1.4 Turbo), which combine fuel economy, low emissions and exceptional performance, and now join the popular range of Multijet common rail turbodiesels (1.9 litres delivering 120 and 150 bhp) and the 90 bhp 1.4 16v petrol engine.Comfort is enhanced by the pinpoint steering and excellent roadholding, and the choice of two tried and tested suspension systems which have been suitably modified and updated: an independent MacPherson system at the front, and a semi-independent torsion axle with interconnected wheels at the rear.The Fiat Bravo was designed to score maximum points in passive and active safety tests, thanks to several airbags (as many as 7), three-point seat-belts with pre-tensioners and load limiters, and five head-restraints. Another aspect of safety regards the 'Pedestrian impact', which was taken into account during the design of the chassis, designed to maximise the absorption of this type of impact. The new model also features the most sophisticated electronic systems to monitor the vehicle's dynamic behaviour, such as ABS complete with EBD, the sophisticated ESP system with a Hill Holder, and ASR anti-slip regulation. The Fiat Bravo embodies new technologies, not only where engineering is concerned, but also in the use of electronics at the service of comfort and well-being on board. The best example of this is the new generation of the 'Blue&Me' system, known as 'Blue&Me Nav'. This technology, which is a Fiat Group exclusive, developed with Microsoft, combines the functions of the first generation with a highly efficient pictogram navigation system, and access to a series of telematic services, that convey the true spirit of Fiat: simple, useful and at the right price.The 'dual-zone' automatic climate system, a choice of two radios with specific Hi-Fi systems, the large panoramic opening sunroof, Cruise Control, a rain sensor, parking sensors and foglights with a self-adaptive cornering function, complete the array of equipment to customise the car, and to make life on board a pleasure for every occupant.And finally, to underline the generosity of this project, the Fiat Bravo range will be broad and comprehensive right from its launch, with a choice of 5 engines, 12 elegant liveries and 4 outfit levels (Active, Dynamic, Emotion and Sport), all designed to offer the customer outstanding value for money.Made in Italy, Sold around the world The new Fiat Bravo aims to become the benchmark for what is the most important segment of the European market, which accounted for over 3,400,000 cars sold in 2006, or little more than one fifth of the total market (a value that has been practically constant since 2000).It is clearly a very interesting segment but one that is also highly competitive, with about 30 different models, from full-liners and premium European, Asian and American manufacturers. We should also underline that the largest grouping in the medium sized saloon category is made up of 2-box saloons or hatchbacks, which account for over 71% of sales. About 25% of total sales for this category are destined to the corporate market, where qualities such as residual value, operating costs, reliability and price are important considerations. But these are areas in which the Fiat Bravo will be one of the most competitive models on the market. With these expectations, the long-established plant in Piedimonte S. Germano (Frosinone) and its 3500 employees are preparing themselves enthusiastically to turn out an average of 120,000 cars a year, which will be marketed in 55 countries around the world, starting in 2007.
Resource : http://www.netcarshow.com/fiat/2007-bravo/
wrote by : kamal kablehsouri.

ترجیح موتور دیزل بر موتور بنزینی در خودروهای سواری

متعاقب بحران‌های انرژی و زیست‌محیطی به وجود آمده در ارتباط با آلودگی خودروها، بیشتر کشورهای دنیا بویژه در اروپا و امریکا، با هدف وضع قوانین سختگیرانه مصرف سوخت و کاهش آلودگی هوا خودروسازان را در زمینه طراحی موتور‌های مناسب مجبور به تکاپو کرده‌اند. این تلاش‌ها در مسیرهای زیر پررنگ بوده است

الف- بهینه‌سازی موتورهای فعلی از لحاظ سوخت و بهسوزی

ب- استفاده از سوخت‌های جایگزین (هیدروژن، گاز طبیعی، الکل
پ- ارتقای موتورهایی که مورد استقبال کمی قرار گرفته‌اند ، موتورهای دیزل

ت- طراحی و ساخت موتورهای هیبریدی و ارتقای آنها

یکی از عمده مواردی که خودروسازان، فعالیت‌های زیادی در ارتباط با آن انجام داده‌اند، تولید خودروهای دیزل است موتورهای دیزلی و بنزینی عمده‌ترین انواع موتورهای درونسوز بوده و در سطحی وسیع مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرند. امروزه موتورهای دیزل که از آنها به عنوان خودروهای سبز یاد می‌شود، پیشرفت فراوانی کرده‌اند. به طوری‌که این نوع خودروها افزون بر 50 درصد از خودروهای اروپا را دربرمی‌گیرند. این مقاله، شرح مختصری است از این نوع موتورها در مقایسه با موتورهای بنزینی

موتورهای چهار زمانه درونسوز اعم از موتور بنزینی و دیزلی، چهار مرحله را در هر چرخه پشت سر می‌گذارندکه عبارتند از

مکش[1]: به داخل کشیدن هوا یا مخلوطی قابل احتراق در سیلندر

تراکم[2]: متراکم ساختن مخلوط وارده به سیلندر توسط پیستون

احتراق یا انفجار[3]: شعله‌ور ساختن مخلوط متراکم‌شده، انبساط گازهای سوخته شده و تولید قدرت

تخلیه[4]: خروج پسماند احتراق

تفاوت موتور بنزینی و دیزل از لحاظ مراحل چهارگانه بالا، در مرحله احتراق است. در موتور بنزینی، سیستم تغذیه و تنظیم سوخت، مخلوط هوا و ماده سوختنی را فراهم می‌کند و به داخل محفظه سیلندر می‌فرستد. این کار بر اثر ایجاد خلأ در سیلندر به واسطه پایین رفتن پیستون انجام می‌شود. پس از ورود مخلوط، پیستون آن را فشرده می‌کند. این مخلوط در لحظه‌ای مناسب به وسیله جرقه‌ای الکتریکی مشتعل می‌شود. این امر، باعث آزاد شدن انرژی و راندن پیستون به سمت پایین می‌شود. به همین دلیل، موتور بنزینی، موتور احتراق جرقه‌ای  نیز نامیده می‌شود.

در موتور دیزل، هوای خالص در سیلندر موتور متراکم‌ می‌شود. سپس به منظور جلوگیری از اشتعال پیش‌رس، سوخت به داخل هوای متراکم تزریق می‌شود. زمانی که سوخت تزریق می‌شود، به دلیل فشار و دمای بالا، خودبه‌خود محترق می‌شود. تا زمانی که پاشش سوخت ادامه می‌یابد عمل احتراق نیز ادامه دارد. به همین دلیل، موتور دیزل، موتور احتراق تحت فشار نیز نامیده می‌شود

احتراق و پاشش سوخت در موتور ديزل، داراي سه مرحله ذيل است

 مرحله تاخير احتراق: در اين زمان، سوخت به صورت بخار درآمده و با هوا مخلوط مي‌شود. ميل‌لنگ در شروع پاشش، حدود 22 تا 30 درجه قبل از نقطه مرگ بالاست. البته در موارد جديدتر، اين مقدار به حدود 15 درجه كاهش يافته است

 مرحله شروع احتراق: به علت وجود نقاط گرم محترق‌كننده، بخار سوخت مخلوط‌شده با هوا به سرعت مي‌سوزد. احتراق، اندكي قبل از نقطه مرگ بالا شروع مي‌شود (حدود 5 درجه زاويه ميل‌لنگ نسبت به نقطه مرگ بالا) و وقتي پيستون به نقطه مرگ بالا مي‌رسد، احتراق اوليه كامل شده و فشار سيلندر به حداكثر مقدار خود مي‌رسد

مرحله ادامه احتراق: سوخت‌هايي كه ديرتر تزريق مي‌شود، با ذرات سوختي كه هنوز كاملا نسوخته و نيز اكسيژن هوا مخلوط شده و عمل احتراق را تا مدتي طولاني ادامه مي‌دهند

سيستم سوخت‌رساني بايدداراي شرايط زير باشد

الف- سوخت، به مقدار كاملا دقيق نسبت به بار موتور، ارسال شود

ب- شروع تزريق، كاملا صحيح تنظيم شود

پ- مدت تزريق، كاملا حساب شده باشد

ت- سوخت به شكل كاملا ذره‌اي يا به صورت گرد تزريق شود

ث- ذرات سوخت در تمام فضاي اتاق احتراق پخش شوند

ج- كيفيت سوخت و احتراق به گونه‌اي تنظيم گردد كه بازده حرارتي، حداكثر شود. يعني دود خروجي از اگزوز داراي حداقل هيدروكربور نسوخته باشد
چ- مقدار تزريق سوخت با توجه به مدت پاشش و نحوه احتراق، به‌گونه‌اي هماهنگي داشته باشد كه زمان احتراق نسبتا طولاني بوده و با ازدياد حجم موتور به هنگام پايين رفتن پيستون، فشار ثابت بماند

 تفاوت موتور های دیزلی و موتور های بنزینی

یک موتور بنزینی مخلوط هوا و گاز را مکش می کند و آنرا متراکم می کند و بعد مخلوط را با جرقه مشتعل می کند یک موتور دیزلی فقط هوا را می گیرد و آنرا متراکم می کند و بعداً سوخت را به داخل هوای متراکم تزریق می کند . گرمای حاصل از متراکم شدن هوا موجب مشتعل شدن خود به خودی سوخت می شود

نسبت تراکم موتور های بنزینی۸:۱ تا ۱۲:۱ است، در حالیکه نسبت تراکم موتور های دیزلی ۱۴:۱ به بالا مثلاً ۲۵:۱ است . نسبت تراکم بالای موتور های دیزلی منجر به بهتر شدن بازده می شود
موتور های بنزینی معمولاً از کاربراتور استفاده می کنند که هوا و سوخت را قبل از ورود به داخل سیلندر مخلوط می کند یا دریچه تزریق سوخت دارند که فقط سوخت را پیش از مرحله مکش می پاشد(بیرون سیلندر). موتور های دیزل از تزریق سوخت مستقیم استفاده می کنند یعنی سوخت را مستقیماً به داخل سیلندر می پاشند

توجه کنید که موتور های دیزل شمع ندارند . آنها هوا را می مکند ( مکش می کنند ) و آنرا متراکم می کنند و سپس سوخت را مستقیماً به داخل محفظه احتراق تزریق می کنند ( تزریق یا پاشش مستقیم) و در نتیجه گرمایی حاصل از متراکم شدن هوا موجب مشتعل شدن سوخت در یک موتور دیزل می شود

اصول ترمودینامیکی

چرخه‌های قدرت استاندارد هوا، شامل چرخه برایتون (توربین گاز)، چرخه اتو (موتور بنزینی)، چرخه دیزل (موتور دیزل) و چرخه استرلینگ (مشابه اتو) است. از چرخه‌های دیزل و اتو در خودروهای دیزل و بنزینی استفاده می‌شود

 امروزه مفهوم استفاده از موتورهای دیزل آن‌طور که باید جا نیفتاده است. نه‌تنها مزایای موتور دیزل زیاد است بلکه دقت ساخت این نوع موتورها نیز بسیار بالاست. از سوی دیگر، نگهداری از موتورهای دیزل مشکل بوده و در صورت صدمه دیدن اجزای موتور، هزینه‌های تعمیر آن زیاد می‌باشد. این موارد، قیمت اولیه موتور را بالا می‌برد. به‌رغم اذعان استفاده‌کنندگان موتور دیزل که از کارکرد موتور، مصرف کم و هزینه‌های اندک آن بسیار راضی هستند، این موضوع به طور چشمگیری بر دیدگاه مشتریان برای ترجیح در خرید خودروی دیزلی یا بنزینی، تاثیر می‌گذارد

در این زمینه به جای موضوع فوق، چند موضوع زیر را باید در دیدگاه مشتریان پررنگ‌تر کرد
الف- قیمت اولیه موتور دیزل، بیشتر از موتور بنزینی است

ب- مزایای استفاده از سوخت دیزل در مقایسه با بنزین در راستای منافع اقتصادی کشور، قابل توجه است

پ- قیمت سوخت دیزل بسیار کمتر از بنزین است

ت- با سوخت دیزل مسافت بیشتری را می‌توان با خودرو طی نمود

ث- موتور دیزل، پتانسیل بیشتری برای استفاده از سوخت‌های تجدیدپذیر نظیر  دارد

تمامی موارد فوق نشان می‌دهند که به‌رغم تعبیر اولیه مشتریان از قیمت بالای خودروهای دیزلی، این نوع خودروها اقتصادی‌تر

هستند

 مقايسه قيمت سوخت ديزل و بنزين در اروپا و امريكا

امروزه مفهوم استفاده از موتورهاي ديزل آن‌طور كه بايد جا نيفتاده است. نه‌تنها مزاياي موتور ديزل زياد است بلكه دقت ساخت اين نوع موتورها نيز بسيار بالاست. از سوي ديگر، نگهداري از موتورهاي ديزل مشكل بوده و در صورت صدمه ديدن اجزاي موتور، هزينه‌هاي تعمير آن زياد مي‌باشد. اين موارد، قيمت اوليه موتور را بالا مي‌برد. به‌رغم اذعان استفاده‌كنندگان موتور ديزل كه از كاركرد موتور، مصرف كم و هزينه‌هاي اندك آن بسيار راضي هستند، اين موضوع به طور چشمگيري بر ديدگاه مشتريان براي ترجيح در خريد خودروي ديزلي يا بنزيني، تاثير مي‌گذارد

در اين زمينه به جاي موضوع فوق، چند موضوع زير را بايد در ديدگاه مشتريان پررنگ‌تر كرد

الف- قيمت اوليه موتور ديزل، بيشتر از موتور بنزيني است

ب- مزاياي استفاده از سوخت ديزل در مقايسه با بنزين در راستاي منافع اقتصادي كشور، قابل توجه است

پ- قيمت سوخت ديزل بسيار كمتر از بنزين است
ت- با سوخت ديزل مسافت بيشتري را مي‌توان با خودرو طي نمود

ث- موتور ديزل، پتانسيل بيشتري براي استفاده از سوخت‌هاي تجديدپذير دارد

تمامي موارد فوق نشان مي‌دهند كه به‌رغم تعبير اوليه مشتريان از قيمت بالاي خودروهاي ديزلي، اين نوع خودروها اقتصادي‌تر هستند. مثال زير نيز اين موضوع را به‌خوبي نشان مي‌دهد. براي دو مدل مقايسه شده در شكل 2 مقايسه‌اي قيمتي نيز انجام شده است

خودروي ديزل مرسدس بنز  270 سي دي اي حدود 700 يورو گران‌تر از خودروي بنزيني مرسدس بنز اي 240  مصرف سوخت مدل ديزلي 5/6 ليتر در 100 كيلومتر بوده، اما مصرف سوخت مدل بنزيني 7/10 ليتر در 100 كيلومتر است. قيمت سوخت در اروپا به ازاي هر ليتر براي سوخت ديزل 89/0 يورو و براي بنزين 03/1 يورو است. با فرض اين‌كه اين دو خودرو در سال 15 هزار كيلومتر مسافت طي كنند. مبلغ 700 يورو پس از يك‌سال جبران شده و از سال دوم، خودروي ديزل به صرفه‌تر خواهد بود.

آيا درست است كه موتور ديزل مى تواند در زير آب نيز كار كند اما موتور بنزيني نه؟

شما گاهي خودروهاي نظامي را ميبينيد كه در موقعيت هاي سخت (فوق العاده) قرار دارند و اين موقعيت ها مى تواند شامل عبور از آب هاي كم عمق و غوطه ور شدن باشد

ساخت خودرويي كه بتواند به صورت غوطه ور در آيد يك چالش است - همه انواع موتورهاي احتراق داخلي براي كاركرد خودشان نياز به منبع هوا دارند و نيز بايستي قادر باشند گازهاي خروجي را بيرون هدايت كنند. اگر عمق آب زياد نباشد گازهاي خروجي مى توانند خارج شوند زيرا آنها تحت فشار قرار دارند. هواي ورودي مشكل ساز است – اگر موتور غوطه ور در آب شود آنگاه هواي ورودي نمى تواند وارد موتور شود و موتور از كار مى افتد

شما مى توانيد مشكل هواي ورودى به موتور را با افزودن يك لوله هوا كش رفع كنيد.خودروهاي چند منظوره نظامي اغلب شامل يك هواكش است و اجازه مى دهد كه غوطه وري اين خودرو ها تا 5 فوت آب نيز امكان پذير باشد1.6 متر

پس براي شناوري خودرو در آب لازم است كه موتور كاملا ضد آب شود. بنابراين سئوال اين متن مى تواند بدين صورت تغيير يابد

" آيا ضد آب كردن موتور ديزل راحت تر است يا موتور بنزيني؟"

براي ضد آب كردن هر خودروي بياباني (آف رود) , قسمت هاي مختلفي براي اينكار وجود دارد. براي مثال

 هر وسيله الكتريكي مانند اي سي يو, برف پاك كن ها , چراغ ها , باتري و غيره بايستي آب بندى (ضد آب)شوند

 هر هواكشي براي كارتر , ديفرانسيل و ... بايستى آب بندي شود ( يا همسطح لوله هواكش شوند)

 باك سوخت مى بايست آب بندي شود و هواكشي مناسب آن نيز انجام شود

 هر محفظه يا شكافي كه مى تواند پر از آب شود بايستى خالى از آب گردد

با فرض رعايت شدن موارد فوق و ضد آب بودن موتور, آنگاه خودرو مى تواند در آب نيز به حركت خود ادامه دهد.به طور كلى ضد آب كردن موتورهاى ديزلى آسان تر از موتورهاى بنزينى است بخاطر وجود سيستم جرقه زني و شمع در موتور بنزيني كه كار را براي آب بندي سخت مى كند. اين اجزا در ولتاژ بالا كار مى كنند و درز گيري و ضد آب كردن آنها سخت ا ست  اما غير ممكن نيست

يك موتور ديزل سيستم جرقه زني ندارد .اگر موتور ديزل يك پمپ سوخت مكانيكي و نيز انتقال قدرت كاملا مكانيكي داشته باشد ديگر هيچ نگراني بابت سيستم كنترل الكترونيكي اين نوع از موتورها و در نتيجه خودروها وجود ندارد.اين تركيبات مى تواند منجر به يك موتور ديزل شود كه به آساني ضد آب مى شود. به همين دليل است كه خودروهاى نظامى اى كه مى توانند از آب عبور كنند موتورهاى ديزل دارند
نتیجه‌گیری

پیشتازان خودروی دیزل در دنیا، اروپا، امریکای شمالی و ژاپن هستند و استفاده از این خودرو با توجه به مزایای آن با سرعت چشمگیری رو به افزایش است. با این تفاسیر دیری نمی‌پاید که ایران نیز به ناچار به این سمت حرکت می‌کند. لذا به نظر می‌رسد از هم‌اکنون باید مبناهای حرکتی به سمت تکنولوژی‌های خودروی دیزل، فراهم آیند. در کشور ما، گازوئیل به عنوان سوخت دیزل از مرغوبیت بالایی برخوردار نیست. بالا بودن میزان سولفور در گازوئیل، باعث استهلاک زودرس موتور و بوی نامطبوع خروجی آن است. این موارد باعث می‌شوند تا خودروی دیزل پس از مدتی برتری‌های خود را در مقایسه با خودروی بنزینی از دست داده و عملکرد بدی پیدا کند. بنابراین، برای استفاده از خودروهای دیزل در ایران، لازم است زیرساخت‌هایی فراهم شود تا گازوئیل با سولفور بسیار پایین و مطابق با استانداردهای جهانی تولید شود. از طرفی دیگر، چون خودروهای دیزل با سوخت  (سي ان جي )  نیز همخوانی دارند، استفاده از موتورهای دیزل با دیگر مسائل جاری، تقابلی ایجاد نمی‌کند

What do we need when will to restart of fiat in Iran ?

Iranian fiat manufacture Topco after restart again to production can thinking to present the new model . truly , fiat can be have the good market in Iran , for this issue only siena is not enough. So if Topco want to competitive or remaining in Iranian market should be take the credit & cash from the government for new generation . They should be thinking the diesel option , new models ( passenger car range) which access for product easily from the fiat group . For this issue quality level is so important , fiat siena( Iran) has shown us that can be have a very good situation in audit ranking for quality in Iran and fiat global too. For further info you can go to below link which explained some new model of fiat in united kingdom:
www.fiat.co.uk/

wrote by kamal kableh souri.

  

Fiat Siena Iran

More than 1.5 year is Fiat Siena produced in Iran by Topco company , This company try to start up with internal sources and succeed for this issue , This car has a very good position between the cars in same class's in Iran at now . This factory has passed so hard quality inspection step for products qualification according the fiat standards, because factory aim is satisfaction of customers .So this factory met to critical problem for supply the cash for importing the CKD parts more than 8 months , Iranian bank promised them for solving this issue at soon . we hope fiat start up again for running in iran roads . we think fiat can be have good situation in Iran because people like it . Iranian industry of ministry should be help Topco for new job opportunity , satisfaction of customers , localizing modern technology of car in iran and exporting with quality.

Wrote by : kamal Ksouri.

Fiat, Renault ventures in Turkey plan record production

ISTANBUL (BLOOMBERG) -- Turk Otomobil Fabrikasi AS (Tofas), the Turkish unit of Fiat S.p.A., and Oyak-Renault, Renault SA's local unit, plan record outputs this year, a Turkish newspaper said.Tofas plans to make 320,000 units and Oyak-Renault plans to produce 308,000 vehicles this year, Hurriyet said, citing Tofas CEO Ali Pandir and Oyak-Renault CEO Tarik Tunalioglu.Oyak-Renault plans to boost sales to more than $4 billion this year from $3.7 billion last year, Tunalioglu said according to the newspaper.